UTA NURS3366 2021 October Module 3 & 4 Quiz Latest

NURS3366 Pathophysiologic Processes: Implications for Nursing

Module 3 & 4 Quiz

Question 1A man presents to an ER with a large laceration sustained at a construction site 3 days before.  The area around the laceration is erythematous, painful, and swollen.  The erythema and swelling can be explained at a cellular level by all the following EXCEPT

  mast cell degranulation and release of histamine.

  pro-inflammatory prostaglandins released.

  increased vasomotor tone (vasoconstriction) of the capillaries in the area.

  local reaction to acute phase reactants.

 Question 2A man presents to an ER with a large laceration sustained at a construction site 3 days before.  He is given a TIG (tetanus immunoglobulin) injection. He doesn’t remember ever having a tetanus vaccination. The purpose of the TIG is to:

  prevent any tetanus bacteria from activating the inflammatory system.

   introduce tetanus bacteria so that the immunocyte system can create antibodies to tetanus.

  give the patient natural active acquired immunity.

  provide tetanus antibodies to fight any tetanus bacteria that might be present.

 Question 3A man presents to an ER with a large laceration sustained at a construction site 3 days before.  He is given a TIG (tetanus immunoglobulin) injection. He doesn’t remember ever having a tetanus vaccination. The patient  ______  (should or should not) also get a tetanus vaccination, because_____.

  should: he needs protection against future tetanus exposure.

  should: the vaccination will provide additional passive immunity.

   should not: the TIG is enough, as it will provide long term active acquired immunity

  should not: the vaccine will do nothing for the current exposure.

 Question 4A microbe invades the body for the first time.  Which statement is most likely true about the processes that follow?         

   Plasma cells (a type of B-lymphocyte) will immediately secrete T-cells specific to that microbe.

  CD4 cells will introduce remnants of the microbe to the plasma cells, which directly phagocytize the   remnants.

  Antigens will be created from the memory cells of immunocytes.

   Immunocytes will begin the process of developing memory to that microbe.

 Question 5A patient has a systemic inflammation.  Which response is unlikely associated with his condition?

  increased acute phase reactants.

  lab results showing a high C-reactive protein (CRP).

  lab results showing leukopenia.

  increased pro-inflammatory prostaglandins.

 Question 6A baby who has received immunoglobulins against the “XYZ” virus via its mother’s milk now has  

  natural active acquired immunity.

  natural passive acquired immunity.

   passive innate immunity.

  active innate immunity.

 Question 7A baby who has received immunoglobulins against the “XYZ” virus via its mother’s milk will __________.

  have lifelong immunity to the XYZ virus because of receiving the immunoglobulins that are specific to that particular microbe.

  develop temporary immunity to the XYZ virus due to receiving Mom’s antibodies that are specific to that particular microbe.

  now have complete 2nd line of defense protection, having received it in the breast milk.

  develop alphabetophobia due overdose of anti-XYZ immunoglobulins.

 Question 8After an intensive new exercise routine, a person experiences muscle aches.  The most appropriate self-treatment for this person is to __________, because _______.

  take an NSAID such as Aleve : the drug suppresses phospholipase enzymes in the arachidonic pathway.

  take an NSAID such as Advil : the drug effectively suppresses pro-inflammatory prostaglandin activity.

  make an appointment with their healthcare provider : an assessment of CRP will determine the amount of muscle injury.

  take an antihistamine: it will suppress the effect of the leukotriene inflammatory mediator.

 Question 9An individual, admitted to the hospital after being diagnosed with pneumonia, has developed high fever, altered mental status and low blood pressure.  The cause of his signs are symptoms (S&S) are likely the result of ______________.

  wide-spread systemic inflammatory mediators causing vasodilation

  wide-spread local inflammatory mediators causing vasoconstriction

  chronic inflammation from the development of an autoantibody

  leukopenia and an ineffective chemotactic response from the macrophage

 Question 10Granulating tissue refers to ___________.

  infected and chronically inflamed tissue

  new tissue formed during the healing process

  a defective creation of multiple cells

  a decreased inflammatory response

 Question 11Which example indicates a qualitative defect of the phagocyte?

  neutropenia

  leukopenia

  chemotactic defect

  systemic inflammatory response syndrome

 Question 12The term leukopenia refers to a _____________.

  defective creation of multiple cells

  cause for a quantitative defect of not “enough“ inflammation

  cause for “too much” inflammation

  lab report term for too many phagocytes

 Question 13The purpose of vasodilation and leakiness in the inflammatory process is to ____________.

  promote pain and suffering

  stimulate the bone marrow to make more RBCs

  promote healing and enhance immunocyte response

  diminish the need for a lymphocyte response

 Question 14After cellular injury occurs, the presence of an exudate always indicates an infection.

  True

  False

 Question 15Steroidal suppression of protective prostaglandins results in _____________.

  the defective creation of multiple cells

  vasodilation and serosanguinous exudate

  vasoconstriction and a risk for high blood pressure

  a negative effect on normal bowel flora

Question 16A woman has just been diagnosed with SLE (lupus). In educating the patient about her disease, the nurse shows complete understanding of the pathophysiology of SLE when he tells the patient:

  “Unfortunately, you will need artificial tears to prevent dry eyes.”

  “You should expect to have swelling in the area of your thyroid.”

   “Fortunately, SLE only affects one area, usually the joints in your hands.”

   “You may have a variety of symptoms that come and go.”

 Question 17A woman has just been diagnosed with SLE (lupus). Lab work is done.  Which option is a likely finding? 

  Test results that indicate a hemolytic condition.

  A low level of c-reactive protein (CRP).

  A positive antinuclear antibody (ANA).

  The presence of a butterfly rash over the buttocks.

 Question 18The pathophysiology related to a positive ANA titer in a patient diagnosed with SLE is best described by which of the following?

   Vasculitis caused breakdown of RBCs, resulting in anemia that the lab test detects.

  SLE is a hypersensitivity disorder in which autoantibodies attach to nucleic acids and form detectable complexes that circulate in the blood.

  SLE is a hypersensitivity disorder in which autoantibodies attach to DNA and form detectable complexes that migrate to one type of tissue.

   Immune complexes invade CD4 cells, a phenomenon which is detected by lab tests as a low ANA.

 Question 19A patient who receives blood with an incompatible blood type may develop 

  an alloimmune reaction.

   an opportunistic infection.

   a humoral autoimmune reaction.

   a cell-mediated hyposensitive reaction.

 Question 20Which of the following compatibility situations is most likely?  A patient who is

  B positive and receives B negative blood will have a transfusion reaction.

   AB positive and receives B negative blood will do fine.

  A negative and receives A positive blood will do fine.

  A negative and receives O negative blood will have a transfusion reaction.

 Question 21A patient presents with generalized itching, urticaria, and wheezing after being stung by a bee.  The patient is most likely experiencing 

  the effects of complement system opsonization of an invading microbe

  localized effects of mast cell degranulation.

  a cell-mediated response.

  anaphylaxis.

 Question 22A patient presents with generalized itching, urticaria, and wheezing after being stung by a bee.  The wheezing is partly caused by   

  bronchoconstriction due to leukotriene release from mast cells throughout the body.

   over-active response to immune complex deposition in the lung tissue.

   bronchoconstriction from humoral immunodeficiency.

  vasoconstriction from the effect of autoimmune over-degranulation.

 Question 23During his yearly physical, a patient reports to his HCP (healthcare provider) that he may have been exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Which laboratory test is not utilized to establish a positive HIV status?

  Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

  Western blot test.

   CD4 cell count

   ELISA lab test

 Question 24Which statement is true?

Norm CD4 count = >600

  A diagnosis of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is established when the patient’s CD4 count is 400.

  An HIV + patient will be diagnosed with AIDS after an opportunistic infection, such as thrush, is present.

  An AIDS diagnosis is confirmed after the presence of antibodies to HIV are found with the ELISA test.

  A patient is diagnosed with AIDS when an opportunistic infection is present with a CD4 count of 198.

 Question 25A patient is diagnosed with AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). Which statement, if made by the RN (registered nurse), demonstrates an understanding of the link between AIDS and opportunistic infections?

  “You are more likely to get PCP (pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia) because your HIV antibody level is so high.”

  “The numbers of your CD4 cells are low, so you are more likely to get unusual infections such as CMV retinitis.”

  “The numbers of your infection-fighting cells are low, so you are more likely to get autoimmune diseases such as arthritis.”

  “Your CD4 count of 198 is ok for now, but when it drops below 50 you will need to avoid people with common infections such as a cold or the flu.”

 

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