SU NSG5003 week 8 quiz 2019
Question 1 (0.5 points) Question 1 Saved
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What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow?
Question 1 options:
They activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction.
They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction.
Both activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation.
They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation.
Question 2 (0.5 points) Question 2 Saved
Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:
Question 2 options:
Vagus nerve
Sympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Question 3 (0.5 points) Question 3 Saved
When renin is released, it is capable of which action?
Question 3 options:
Inactivation of autoregulation
Direct activation of angiotensin II
Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Formation of angiotensin I
Question 4 (0.5 points) Question 4 Saved
Which effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates?
Question 4 options:
Stimulation of antidiuretic hormones (ADH)
Inhibition of ADH
Stimulation of renin and aldosterone
Inhibition of renin and aldosterone
Question 5 (0.5 points) Question 5 Saved
What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone?
Question 5 options:
Sodium retention
Sodium excretion
Water retention
Water excretion
Question 6 (0.5 points) Question 6 Unsaved
Which term is used to identify the movement of fluids and solutes from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma?
Question 6 options:
Tubular secretion
Ultrafiltration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular excretion
Question 7 (0.5 points) Question 7 Unsaved
Which statement is true regarding urodilatin?
Question 7 options:
Urodilatin inhibits sodium chloride and water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct.
Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to prevent water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct.
Urodilatin is stimulated by a rise in blood pressure and an increase in extracellular volume.
Urodilatin is stimulated by a fall in blood pressure and a decrease in extracellular volume.
Question 8 (0.5 points) Question 8 Unsaved
Compared to a younger individual, how is the specific gravity of urine in older adults affected?
Question 8 options:
The specific gravity of urine in older adults is increased.
The specific gravity of urine in older adults is considered high normal.
The specific gravity of urine in older adults is considered low normal.
The specific gravity of urine in older adults is decreased.
Question 9 (0.5 points) Question 9 Unsaved
How are glucose and insulin used to treat hyperkalemia associated with acute renal failure?
Question 9 options:
Glucose has an osmotic effect, which attracts water and sodium, resulting in more dilute blood and a lower potassium concentration.
When insulin transports glucose into the cell, it also carries potassium with it.
Potassium attaches to receptors on the cell membrane of glucose and is carried into the cell.
Increasing insulin causes ketoacidosis, which causes potassium to move into the cell in exchange for hydrogen.
Question 10 (0.5 points) Question 10 Unsaved
Which statement is false concerning the skeletal alterations caused by chronic renal failure when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines to 25% of normal?
Question 10 options:
Parathyroid hormone is no longer effective in maintaining serum phosphate levels.
The parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone.
The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired.
The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which impairs the effectiveness of calcium and phosphate resorption from bone by parathyroid hormone, is impaired.
Question 11 (0.5 points) Question 11 Unsaved
Anemia of chronic renal failure can be successfully treated with which element?
Question 11 options:
Intrinsic factor
Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Erythropoietin
Question 12 (0.5 points) Question 12 Unsaved
Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for which bacteria?
Question 12 options:
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Haemophilus
Question 13 (0.5 points) Question 13 Unsaved
What is the cause of smoky, brown-colored urine resulting from acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Question 13 options:
Presence of red blood cells
Presence of urobilinogen
Slough from the collecting tubules
Protein in the urine
Question 14 (0.5 points) Question 14 Unsaved
What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the autoimmune disorder of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Question 14 options:
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) coats erythrocytes that are destroyed by the spleen, and remnants are excreted through the kidneys.
Verotoxin from Escherichia coli (E. coli) is absorbed from the intestines and damages erythrocytes and endothelial cells.
Endotoxins from E. coli block the erythropoietin produced by the kidneys, which reduces the number of erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow.
Failure of the nephrons to filter urea increases the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which binds to erythrocytes that are subsequently destroyed by the spleen.
Question 15 (0.5 points) Question 15 Unsaved
What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Question 15 options:
Periorbital edema
Scrotal or labial edema
Frothy urine
Ascites
Question 16 (0.5 points) Question 16 Unsaved
Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means?
Question 16 options:
Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney
Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys
Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder
Colonization of the bladder when urine is static
Question 17 (0.5 points) Question 17 Unsaved
What causes vesicoureteral reflux to occur in children?
Question 17 options:
Children do not ask for help in urinating in a timely manner, and urine is forced up into the ureters.
The submucosal segment of a child’s ureter is short, making the antireflux mechanism inefficient.
The trigone lying between the opening to the ureters and the urethra is underdeveloped in children.
As the bladder fills in infants and children, it pulls the smooth lining of the transitional epithelium away from the ureters, making the reflux valves ineffective.
Question 18 (0.5 points) Question 18 Unsaved
What is the mechanism for developing Wilms’ tumor?
Question 18 options:
The development of Wilms’ tumor involves tumor suppressor genes located on chromosome 11.
Development involves an autosomal dominant inherited disorder involving the Y chromosome.
Wilms’ tumor is an autoimmune disorder.
The development of Wilms’ tumor is a congenital anomaly.
Question 19 (0.5 points) Question 19 Unsaved
Which statement is false about the causes of enuresis?
Question 19 options:
A maturational lag may cause enuresis.
Enuresis may be related to increased light sleep.
Obstructive sleep apnea may be a symptom of enuresis.
Excessive nocturnal levels of vasopressin may cause enuresis.
Question 20 (0.5 points) Question 20 Unsaved
When does an individual have his or her full complement of renal nephrons?
Question 20 options:
At birth
At six months of age
At puberty
Between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years
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