Question Anatomy & Physiology IIModule 11 Study Guide for Final Exa

Question Anatomy & Physiology IIModule 11 Study Guide for Final Exam Answer:Name the functions of blood.Which is the most numerous of the White Blood Cells?If a person has Type A blood…What antigens are found on their blood cells?       What antibodies are found on their blood cells? What blood type(s) can they donate blood to? What blood type can they receive blood from? Where is the Base of the heart?Where is the Apex of the heart?Which vessels carry blood to the heart?Name the heart valves and their position in the heart.What are Chordae Tendineae?  Where are the Chordae Tendineae located?What is the sequence of contraction of the heart?What is the Pacemaker of the Heart?Does the Pacemaker of the Heart have any influence on Cardiac Output?Trace the flow of blood through the heart, beginning with blood returning to the heart from vena cava.When blood is leaving the RIGHT VENTRICLE, which valve does it flow through? …where is it going?When blood is leaving the LEFT VENTRICLE, which valve dies it flow through? …where is it going?When blood returns to the heart from the LUNGS, which chamber does it flow into?Which vessels are the ONLY ONES that allow for the exchange of gases and nutrients?Name factors influencing Cardiac Stroke Volume.What are the functions of the Lymph Nodes.Name the benefit of inflammation in relation to an injury.What coats the inner layer of alveoli?  …what is the benefit of this coating?What is the purpose of pleural fluid?Where does HCl come from? …what is its purpose in the body?Where does Pepsinogen come from? …what is its purpose in the body?What are the phases of Gastric Secretion?  …what stimulates each phase?Where is the DUODENUM and what is its function?Where is the JEJUNUM and what is its function?Where is the ILEUM and what is its function?Where is the GALLBLADDER and what is its function?How does BILE aid in digestion?Which response of the Autonomic Nervous System stimulates the digestive process?Which response of the Autonomic Nervous System inhibits the digestive process?In which region of the digestive system does the CHEMICAL DIGESTION of Proteins begin?In which region of the digestive system does the CHEMICAL DIGESTION of Lipids begin?In what area of the digestive system does the majority of chemical digestion occur?In what area of the digestive system does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?Where does mechanical and Chemical Digestion begin?In what area of the digestive system is the water remaining in indigestible food absorbed?Which form of fat is most harmful for the cardiovascular system?Which nutrient is the body’s primary source of energy?Are vitamins & mineral used as a direct energy source?In what order are nutrients [proteins, carbs, fats] metabolized for energy?What happens to carbohydrates in excess of the body’s need for energy?What are the benefits of dietary fiber?What is the main component of urine?How does a HIGH GFR impact urine output?      …blood volume?  …blood pressure?What impact does too little/too much Antidiuretic Hormone have on Urinary Output? …how does that impact serum Sodium Levels?What happens to water excretion with sodium excretion?What happens to blood volume with water excretion?What happens to blood pressure with lower blood volume?What substances pass through the capillaries of the glomerulus?What substances DO NOT pass through the capillaries of the glomerulus?What are the structural and functional units of the kidney called?Describe the location of the Peritubular Capillaries.Describe the location of the Vasa Recta.How do Diuretics influence urine production/output?What types of molecules are excreted from the body via Tubular Secretion?Describe the influence of Aldosterone on the Kidney.      *hint: ALdosterone likes to hang onto ALL the sodium.What impact does Aldosterone have on water reabsorption?What does Antidiuretic Hormone influence most: water or sodium?What does Aldosterone influence most: water or sodium?What does Atrial Natriuretic Peptide most influence?      *hint Natriuretic begins with Na+.What do Diuretics influence most?What are some urinalysis findings that might suggest pathology?Describe the muscle and nerve control of the Internal Urethral Sphincter.Describe the muscle and nerve control of the External Urethral Sphincter.In the male, from the bladder, what gland does the urethra pass through before the penis?Who is at more risk for a Urinary Tract Infection: men or women?  …why?What can cause excess CO2 elimination?With increased renal bicarbonate reabsorption, what happens to the blood pH?How/why does the concentration of electrolytes influence the movement of water in cells?Is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in edema interstitial fluid or intracellular fluid? Which fluid compartment accounts for most (2/3) of total body water?Which electrolyte imbalances can lead to cardiac arrythmias?What are some causes of dehydration?What organ is the cervix a part of?Name the erectile tissue of the external female anatomy that houses nerve fibers.What effect does the Corpus Luteum have on the endometrial lining?In which phase of the uterine cycle is the uterine lining prepared to receive a fertilized egg?In which phase of does the endometrium breakdown and slough off?In which phase does the endometrium “grow” and thicken?Which two hormones directly regulate the uterus?Which two hormones influence the ovarian cycle?What is the function of each hormone?When (in relation to ovulation) and when does fertilization occur?What are some obstacles to fertilization?What do the Germ Layers eventually form?Name physiologic changes a woman experiences during pregnancy.What happens during the Dilation Stage of Labor?What happens during the Expulsion Stage of Labor?What happens during the Placenta Stage of Labor?What are the components of semen?Describe the acrosome of a sperm.What role do capacitation and acrosomal reaction have in the fertilization process?Where are sperm and testosterone produced?What is the function of the epididymis?Define & describe Vasectomy. 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