nurse Research Article Critique from UTA N4325 ( hart el al, 2014

This  question are from RESEARCHARTICLE CRITIQUE PART 2 FROM Nurs432 UTA

ARTICLE ( MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSE PERCIEVED SELF CONFIDENCE AND LEADERSHIP ABILITIES AS FIRST RESPONDERS IN ACUTE PATIENT DETERIORATION EVENTS

HART EL AL, 2014

Questions 1 – 9:
Sample. (For help with these questions,
refer to chapters: 9 & 12)

1. What sampling method or plan was used by the
authors in this study?

a. Simple random sampling

b. Systematic sampling

c. Convenience sampling

d. Network sampling

2. According to Grove, Gray, and Burns (2015),
what are the potential biases of this sampling method?

a. This is a strong probability sampling method
with very little potential for bias

b. This method is used when an ordered list of
all members of the population are available, and provides a random but not
equal chance for inclusion in the study.

c. This method provides little opportunity to
control for bias because subjects are included in the study merely because they
happen to be in the right place at the right time.

d. This method is specific to the individuals
who were recruited and the information gained cannot be generalized to others
who don’t share these types of experiences.

e. None of the above biases best describe the
sampling method chosen by the author.

3. What was the final sample size reported by
the authors for this study?

a. 500 participants

b. 126 participants

c. 352 participants

d. 148 participants

4. Was a power analysis conducted? If so, which statement best describes the
results of the power analysis?

a. The authors mention that a power analysis
was conducted using a power of .80, an alpha value of 0.05, and a small effect
size of 0.25.

b. The authors mention that an a priori power
analysis was conducted, and 500 subjects were

determined to be needed for the study.

c. The authors do not report that a power
analysis was conducted.

5. Which of these statements would be considered
to be inclusion criterion for the sample in the research article? (select all that apply)

a. English-speaking

b. Have at least two years of experience as a
nurse

c. Work as a Medical Surgical nurse providing
direct patient care

d. Be a member of the Medical Surgical Nurses
Association

e. 18 years of age or older

6. Which of these statements would be considered
to be exclusion criterion specifically identified by the author for the sample
in the research article?

a. The exclusion criteria were explained
verbally during recruitment.

b. History of depression/ mental health issue.

c. No exclusion criteria were described.

d. Participants only worked on the night shift.

7. What is the acceptance rate for this study? (Hint: see page 253 in your text)

a. 148/500 X 100% = 29.6%

b. 126/148 X 100% = 86.4%

c. unknown / cannot be calculated.

d. 0%

8. Which of the following would be accurate for
the attrition rate for this study?

a. 148/500 X 100% = 29.6%

b. 126/148 X 100% = 86.4%

c. 126/500 X 100% = 25%

d. 0%

9. What was the setting for this research
study? Briefly describe the setting and
indicate whether it was appropriate for conducting this study.

a. The setting for this study was a partially
controlled setting and was appropriate for this study’s research design.

b. The setting for this study was a natural or
field setting and was appropriate for this study’s research design.

c. The setting for this study was a highly
controlled setting and was appropriate for this study’s research design.

d. The setting for this study was not well
described by the authors and therefore not appropriate for conducting this
study.

Question 10 – 14: Measurement Methods.
(For help with these questions, refer to chapters 10 & 12.)

10. Which ones of these questionnaires, scales,
or physiologic measures is used in this research study?

(Select all that apply).

a. Leadership Ability Scale

b. The Nursing Stress Scale

c. Self-confidence Scale

d. The Quality of Life Scale

11. How do the authors describe the CURRENT
reliability of the Leadership Ability Scale?

a. Two follow-up emails were sent to potential
participants.

b.
they compared the odd and even questions on the test to determine their
equivalence.

c. a team of staff nurses was trained by the
primary investigator to administer the questionnaire.

d.
they tested the current group of subjects twice using the same
questionnaire (test-retest reliability).

e.
they computed a Cronbach’s alpha on the Leadership Ability Scale that was
administered to this group of subjects.

12. How do the
authors describe the validity of the Self-confidence Scale?

a.
discriminant validity demonstrated that each subscale measured the same
constructs.

b. evidence of validity from contrasting groups
because they gave it to spouses of MS nurses.

c. no was no mention of determining the
validity of Self-confidence Scale.

d. The authors had experience with
administering this questionnaire.

13. What types of questionnaires or surveys were
used in this research study? (Select all that
apply.)

a. The authors developed the Self-confidence
Scale.

b. The authors developed their own questions to
ask about demographic information.

c. Interviews were reportedly used, but the
authors do not explain what was included in them.

d. The authors report adding a few of their own
questions at the end of the demographic questionnaire.

e. The authors used previously developed
questionnaires or surveys to measure the study variables.

f. This study did not use any questionnaires or
surveys.

14. Were any physiological measurements
collected from the subjects for the purpose of this study?

a. Yes

b. No

Question 15- 16: Data Collection. (For help with these questions, refer
to chapters 10 & 12)

15. Which one of
the following best describes the data
collection process used in this study?

a. questionnaires / surveys were completed via
the telephone.

b. participants were given the questionnaires
on enrollment in the study and asked to drop the sealed envelope in a locked
box at the nurses’ station.

c. questionnaires / surveys were mailed to the
prospective participants and returned in a self-

addressed stamped envelope.

d. nurse researchers interviewed the study
participants in a focus group.

e. Questionnaires were distributed to
medical-surgical nurses by making rounds on the nursing units

and attending staff
meetings.

16. If there were more than one data collector
for the study, would an estimation of inter-rater reliability be an important
concept for the authors to report on for this study?

a. yes, and the authors reported their efforts
to achieve inter-rater reliability.

b. yes, but the authors do not discuss any
efforts to achieve inter-rater reliability.

c. no, the issue of inter-rater reliability
does not apply here.

Question 17 – 19: Data Analysis.
(For help with these questions, refer to chapters 11 & 12)

17. What descriptive statistics are used in this
study? (Select all that apply).

a.
mean

b. median

c. frequencies

d. standard deviation

e. z-scores

f. percentage distributions

18. What inferential statistics were used to
examine the data obtained from the subjects? (Select
all that apply)

a.
correlational analysis

b. Factor Analysis

c. t-Test

d. Chi-Square

e. ANCOVA

f. ANOVA

g. regression analysis

h. None of the above inferential statistics
were used in this study.

19. What is the level of significance (alpha) set
at for this study?

a. .05 or 5%

b. .10 or 10%

c .01 or 1%

d. an
alpha level or level of significance chosen by the authors was not specifically
mentioned in the text

of the article.

Question 20-25: Researcher’s Interpretation of the Findings. (For help
with these questions, refer to chapters 11 & 12)

20. There are several statistically significant
findings in this study. Which of these statements from the article would be
considered a significant and predicted
result? (select
all that apply)

a. As MS nurses’ perceptions of their self-confidence
increases, perceived leadership abilities in handling APD events increased (r =
.553, p<.0001)

b. Younger nurses have higher levels of
perceived self-confidence, (B =
0.122, t = 2.23, p = .027).

c. Age and certification status were identified
as the best predictors of perceived self-confidence and leadership abilities in
the regression model.

d. The MS nurses with the highest educational degrees
impact leadership ability in managing as a first responder in an APD event.

21. Which of these statements from the article
would be considered a non-significant
result.

a. The older the nurse, the higher the level of
perceived self-confidence in managing APD events.

b. Years licensed and educational levels do not
predict perceived self-confidence and leadership abilities to manage APD
events.

c. As MS nurses’ perceptions of their
self-confidence increases, perceived leadership abilities in handling APD
events increased (r = .553, p<.0001)

22. Which one of these statements from the
article would be considered clinically
important?

a. Age and certification status were identified
as the best predictors of perceived self-confidence and

leadership abilities in managing APD
events.

b. Younger nurses are better prepared to manage
APD events compared to older nurses.

c. According to this study results, a low level
of self-confidence is not a known factor for nursing turnover in MS nurses.

d. Six participants were removed from the study
due to incomplete surveys.

23. Which statements below implied from the
article would be considered a limitation
of the study? (Select
all that apply)

a. The use of a convenience sample of nurses
within one geographic area and one hospital system.

b. Length
of the questionnaire perhaps resulting in instrument fatigue and nurses not
completing the

questionnaire.

c. A small sample size with a low response
rate.

d. Additional education given on the study
topic at one of the hospital settings during the data

collection phase.

24. Which one of these statements would be
considered a statement regarding generalization
of these results?

a. The results indicated that there were low
levels of self-confidence in this group of MS nurses and can be generalized to
all MS nurses in the United States.

b. The survey was administered only to MS
nurses who were members of the Medical Surgical Nurses Association (MSNA).

c. A convenience sample of MS nurses decreases
generalizability.

d. The
use of a power analysis influenced the generalization of the results to all MS
nurses.

25. Which of these statements from the article
would be considered a recommendation for
future studies? (Select
all that apply.)

a. Using a convenience sample may introduce
sampling bias; therefore caution is warranted when making inferences about the
study findings.

b. Further strategies need to be developed to
increase nurses’ self confidence and execution of leadership abilities in
handling deterioration events for positive patient outcomes.

c. Interestingly, only about 50% or less of
nurses felt comfortable a great deal of the time in being identified as a
leader and coordinating immediate responders from their unit.

d. Furthermore, team training is needed to
enhance medical-surgical nurses’ abilities to communicate effectively and
optimise team performance when working with rapid response and CRT members.

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