Musculoskeletal

Question 1 (1 point)

Begin
by making a list of the muscles from the Top 20 that are used in each
of this yoga pose. Remember that some of the Top 20 muscles may not be
illustrated, but can still be used in these poses; you must include those in your answer.

Once you have made your list, answer the following question:

For
each muscle in your Top 20 list, describe its role in the pose. For
full credit, your description must include the joint that is affected by
each muscle and the action of that muscle on that joint (remember, a
muscleactionat
a joint is the result of the force the muscle applies to the bones on
opposite sides of the joint; movement is one possible result of this
action).

For
example, if the arm is held up parallel to the ground and then
horizontally adducted so that it is pointing straight ahead, then the pectoralis majoris acting in horizontal adduction and flexion of the glenohumeral joint; the latissimus dorsiis acting in horizontal abduction of the glenohumeral joint to resist adduction; the deltoideusis acting in flexion and abduction of the glenohumeral joint.

The
flexors of the GHJ are working against the force of gravity; the
horizontal adductors are working to move the GHJ into the pose and to
stabilize the joint against the actions of other muscles; and the
horizontal abductors are working to stabilize the GHJ against further
horizontal adduction.

When in doubt, ask yourself what would happen with the body in that pose if any of the Top 20 muscles were not acting.

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Question 2 (1 point)

Begin
by making a list of the muscles from the Top 20 that are used in each
of this yoga pose. Remember that some of the Top 20 muscles may not be
illustrated, but can still be used in these poses; you must include those in your answer.

Once you have made your list, answer the following question:

For
each muscle in your Top 20 list, describe its role in the pose. For
full credit, your description must include the joint that is affected by
each muscle and the action of that muscle on that joint (remember, a
muscleactionat
a joint is the result of the force the muscle applies to the bones on
opposite sides of the joint; movement is one possible result of this
action).

For
example, if the arm is held up parallel to the ground and then
horizontally adducted so that it is pointing straight ahead, then the pectoralis majoris acting in horizontal adduction and flexion of the glenohumeral joint; the latissimus dorsiis acting in horizontal abduction of the glenohumeral joint to resist adduction; the deltoideusis acting in flexion and abduction of the glenohumeral joint.

The
flexors of the GHJ are working against the force of gravity; the
horizontal adductors are working to move the GHJ into the pose and to
stabilize the joint against the actions of other muscles; and the
horizontal abductors are working to stabilize the GHJ against further
horizontal adduction.

When in doubt, ask yourself what would happen with the body in that pose if any of the Top 20 muscles were not acting.

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Question 3 (1 point)

Triceps brachii

Write
a complete description of the features of this muscle that affect how
it performs its main actions in the body. Pay attention to the muscle’s
topography or location,its attachments, the locations and shapes of
joints affected by it, as well as their planes of movement, the
directional orientation of the facicles of body of the muscle as it
reaches from the proximal to the distal attachments across the joints,
the shape of the muscles, and so on. (Hint: There is an example posted
at the bottom of the Top 20 handout.)

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Question 4 (1 point)

Rectus abdominis

Write
a complete description of the features of this muscle that affect how
it performs its main actions in the body. Pay attention to the muscle’s
topography or location,its attachments, the locations and shapes of
joints affected by it, as well as their planes of movement, the
directional orientation of the facicles of body of the muscle as it
reaches from the proximal to the distal attachments across the joints,
the shape of the muscles, and so on. (Hint: There is an example posted
at the bottom of the Top 20 handout.)

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Question 5 (1 point)

Supraspinatus

Write
a complete description of the features of this muscle that affect how
it performs its main actions in the body. Pay attention to the muscle’s
topography or location,its attachments, the locations and shapes of
joints affected by it, as well as their planes of movement, the
directional orientation of the facicles of body of the muscle as it
reaches from the proximal to the distal attachments across the joints,
the shape of the muscles, and so on. (Hint: There is an example posted
at the bottom of the Top 20 handout.)

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Question 6 (1 point)

Deltoid

Write
a complete description of the features of this muscle that affect how
it performs its main actions in the body. Pay attention to the muscle’s
topography or location,its attachments, the locations and shapes of
joints affected by it, as well as their planes of movement, the
directional orientation of the facicles of body of the muscle as it
reaches from the proximal to the distal attachments across the joints,
the shape of the muscles, and so on. (Hint: There is an example posted
at the bottom of the Top 20 handout.)

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Question 7 (1 point)

Gluteus maximus

Write
a complete description of the features of this muscle that affect how
it performs its main actions in the body. Pay attention to the muscle’s
topography or location,its attachments, the locations and shapes of
joints affected by it, as well as their planes of movement, the
directional orientation of the facicles of body of the muscle as it
reaches from the proximal to the distal attachments across the joints,
the shape of the muscles, and so on. (Hint: There is an example posted
at the bottom of the Top 20 handout.)

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Question 8 (1 point)

Examine this image of Michelle Kwan right before the “groin” injury that caused her to fall after this landing.

First,
identify which leg was injured. Then, describe the positions of the
joints in that leg at the time of her landing relative to normal
anatomic position. Use the appropriate terms: abduction/adduction,
rotation, flexion/anteversion, extension/retroversion, and so on.

What forces were acting on the injured leg and what effects did they have on the positions and movements of the relevant joints?

Based on their abilities to produce or prevent the actions, name the muscles that are likely to be involved in this injury.

Describe all the actions of these muscles in terms of the movement[s] they cause or resist in each of the relevant segments.

Based on the actions that the various “groin” muscles had to resist and/or perform, identify which one of
the medial thigh muscles is most likely to be injured in this sort of
landing and relate it to the information that you reported in your
answers above.

.

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Question 9 (1 point)

For O Louis Guglielmi’s painting Relief Bluesexamine the female figure to the left of center in the foreground.

To
solve this problem of anatomic accuracy in figurative painting, start
with the basic anatomic landmarks that can provide information about the
underlying structures.

1. First,
   identify the anatomic landmarks that you can use to locate features of
   the musculoskeletal system from which we can estimate body proportions.

2. Compare those proportions that yousee to the proportions we expect among anatomic features.

3. How
   do the body proportions in the painting compare to the “standard”
   proportions? Do all the figures in the piece have similar proportions?

4. What landmarks can you use to help you to gather evidence that you can use to resolve this question?

5. Does
   the Guglielmu painting show body proportions that are unrealistic, or
   would you conclude that he was capturing one example of the normal
   variation in anatomic form and proportion in the human body?

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