Identify the conceptual framework, or theoretical framework of this study? Materials and MethodsThis

Identify the conceptual framework, or theoretical framework of this study? Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between anxiety level and sleep quality of individuals in Turkey during the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study conducted involved individuals age 18 or above living in Turkey. Snowball sampling method was used in sampling. For the snowball sampling method, one of the units in the universe is reached in any way. Then, with the help of the contacted person, another person is contacted and then another person is contacted in the same way. Thus, the sample is enlarged in the form of a snowball effect (14). To calculate the number of samples, the sample calculation formula with known universe was used. The required sample size was calculated as 384 with 95% confidenceinterval and ±5% sampling error for the study. However, morepeople should be sampled to compare the subgroups. Since it was not possible to meet with the public face-to-face due to the pandemic situation, the questions were prepared in Google form, and people were invited electronically (e-mail, WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram). People were informed about the study with the informed consent form before answering the questions. The data were collected between 10.05.2020 and 30.07.2020. 450 people were invited to the study, 405 (90%) people participated in the study.Data Collection ToolsThe data collection tools included “personal information form”, “state-trait anxiety inventory” and “Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI)”.Personal information form: The personal information form, which was developed in line with the study, consists of nine questions. These questions are related to gender, age, education, marital and economic status, having children, whether or not to be diagnosed with COVID-19, having a psychiatric disease and sleep problems.State-trait anxiety inventory: The Likert-type scale, developed by Spielberg et al., consists of 40 items, 20 of which are for measuring the state anxiety and 20 of which are for measuring the trait anxiety. The scale has been translated into Turkish236by Öner and Le Compte (15) in 1977 and was used with adaptations to assess anxiety levels. State anxiety scale describe how he feels at once and under certain conditions, taking into account their feelings about the situation they are in from answering; The trait anxiety scale is how the individual usually feels it requires description. Both scales are made of twenty items. The scale is a 4-point Likert type: “none”, “a little”, “a lot”, “completely”. The total scores obtained from both scales are individually evaluated. Cronbach’s Alpha was found between 0.94-0.96 for state anxiety scale and 0.83-0.87 for trait anxiety scale. In this study, Cronbach’s Alpha value was found as 0.93 for state anxiety scale and 0.88 for trait anxiety scale (15).PSQI (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index): To evaluate sleep quality, this study will use the PSQI, which is a self-report scale. The scale was developed by Buysse et al. (9) in 1989, and its validity and reliability study was performed by Agargün et al. (16) in 1996. Cronbach’s Alpha value of the scale was reported as 0.80. Cronbach’s Alpha in the present study was 0.84. PSQI consists of 7 components: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleep medication and daytime dysfunction. Each of the multiple-choice questions is scored from 0 to 3 by individuals. The sum of the seven component points gives the total PSQI score. The total score obtained from this index ranges from 0 to 21, and those scoring above 5 are considered to have “bad sleep quality” and those scoring 5 or below are considered to have “good sleep quality” (16).Ethics: Permission was obtained for the study from Eskisehir Osmangazi University Social and Human Sciences Research and Publication Ethics Committee on 05.05.2020 (2020-9) and from Turkish Ministry of Health on 06.05.2020.Statistical AnalysisFrequency tables and descriptive statistics were used for interpretation of the results. In the case of data with normal distribution, “independent Sample t-test” (t-table value) were used to compare the measurement values of the two independent groups; and “ANOVA” test (F-table value) statistics were used to compare three or more independent groups. In the data without normal distribution, “Mann-Whitney U test” (Z-table value) was used to compare the measured values of two independent groups; and “Kruskal-Wallis H” (?2-table value) statistics were used to compare three or more independent groups. “Pearson-?2” or “continuity correction” cross tables were used in the analysis of the relationship of two qualitative variables according to the expected value levels. Binary logistic regression: Backward LR model was used to analyze variables that affect PSQI classes.Results67.9% (275) of the individuals participating in the study were women, and 34.6% (281) were under 20 years old. 68.4% (277) of the individuals are university graduates and high graduate, 67.2% (272) are single, 28.6% (116) have children. Of the individuals in the study, 69.9% (283) had a moderate Health Science Science Nursing NURS 5303 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)

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