Hi! I unlocked one case study from course hero and wanted to use… Hi! I unlocked one case

Hi! I unlocked one case study from course hero and wanted to use… Hi! I unlocked one case study from course hero and wanted to use them for my paper. I wonder if you could help me remove any plagiarism because every time I check, it comes out that it is almost 50% plagiarized from coursehero. I am copy pasting it and please help me remove any plagiarism and double check. thanks 2003 Response Case Study In this case study will introduce Mrs. Megan Baker, a 76-year-old lady diagnosed with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus for 21 years and has now recently been diagnosed with Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA). It is known that Mrs. Baker has poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and this could be due to lack of treatment care, or she was diagnosed late and wasn’t able to manage her diagnosis on time. The case study will explain the current events ofMrs. Baker’s pathophysiology including her two diagnosis which are type 2 diabetes mellitus and CVA, and what ways can the nurse do to provide and succeed professional care. Normal physiological changes associated with aging in relation to the body systems affected. As you get older, your physiological function change and slowly decrease as you age. For Mrs. Baker’s condition which she has type 2 diabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) will be further explaining on the endocrine system and the neurological system. Diabetes is part of the endocrine system and effects on how the body regulates blood glucose levels. The endocrine system is made up of glands to produce and secrete hormones to control various functions in the body (Chahal, 2007). In the aging process, the endocrine system gradually decreases levels of hormones as they get older due to hormones receptors becoming sensitive (Chahal, 2007). As Mrs. Baker ages, her levels of estrogen (a hormone that maintains the reproductive system (Nelson, 2001) and female characteristics in the body) decline which leads to menopause (Chahal, 2007). Menopause occurs when the ovaries stop ovulating and stop producing estrogen (Chahal, 2007). It occurs starting at the age 51 for females therefore Mrs. Baker did have the possibility of experiencing menopause in her 50’s. Additionally, geriatrics are more prone to disturbed sleep patterns, have a reduced metabolic rate, lose bone mass, accumulate body fat, and show increases in blood glucose for nondiabetic people (Eliopoulos, 2010). As mentioned in the case study, Mrs. Baker recently had CVA which affects the neurological system due to lack of blood flow in the brain. In the aging process in the neurological system, there is “decline in brain weight and a reduction of blood flow” (Eliopoulos, 2010, paras.7) in the brain. A decrease loss in neurons occurs which reduces the brain activity to regulate at normal range which is a result of dementia (Kumar, 2007). Reduced cerebral blood flow is followed by the loss of glucose production and metabolic rate of oxygenin the brain which can be an indication to the cause of CVA (Hayashi, 2012). Explanation of the pathology of the illness or disease process affecting the patient. As stated in the case study, Mrs. Baker is experiencing difficulties with her type 2 diabetes mellitus as it is poorly treated. Type 2 diabetes is a chronic “serious disease, and it affects many older adults” (NIH, 2021, paras.1). It is characterized by “hyperglycemia and the late development of vascular and neuropathic complications” (Sherwin, 2021). Often people get type 2 diabetes due to high blood glucose meaning the blood sugar is too high and type 2 diabetes are commonly diagnosed and developed in older adults (NIH, 2021). Type 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by “defective insulin secretion by pancreatic ß-cells and the inability of insulin-sensitive tissues to respond to insulin” (Roden, 2020, paras.1) which results in the pancreases to unable to produce enough insulin to manage blood sugar levels (Martin, 2020). Type 2 diabetes mellitus can also lead to damage to the heart, eyes, kidneys, and the nerves in the body (Martin, 2020). Signs and symptoms for type 2 diabetes mellitus includes frequent fatigue, unexplained weight loss, dry mouth, increased hunger, frequent urination, and blurred vision (Ramachandran, 2014). As glucose level rises, hyperglycemia may form heart disease, nerve damage and kidney damage (Bruno, 1999). This could also be result of Mrs. Bakers diagnoses to diabetes as it was poorly treated for 21 years. Hyperglycemia may also cause acute ischemic brain injury which leads to cerebrovascular accident due too much sugar in the blood which may damage the blood vessels and a buildup of plaque (Bruno, 1999). This type of health concern is an issue in the neurological system which may be the result of Mrs. Bakers recent cerebrovascular accident. Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is also known as stroke that occurs when the blood flow in the brain is cut off due to a blockage in the artery (Tadi, 2021). CVA is common in geriatrics and increases the chance of having one as you get older and can be due to metabolic disease increase such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases (Tadi, 2021). Cerebrovascular accident can cause damage to apart of the brain which may results in one sided weakness in the body and lack of function in the body (Tadi, 2021). Signs and symptoms of cerebrovascular accident may include decreased level of consciousness, speech difficulties, motor function, and one sides weakness. Common medications and treatments that might be applicable. To treat Mrs. Bakers condition with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular accident (CVA), there would be a prescribed medication and treatment ordered by the physician. For medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus that could be prescribed to Mrs. Baker would be metformin. Metformin is used for type 2 diabetes mellitus to control high blood sugars and lowers the glucose production in the liver and is typically prescribed twice a day with meals (Klein, 2014). Benefits of metformin would also include less weight gain and easily tolerated with diarrhea if Mrs. Baker experiences difficulties with bowel movements (Klein, 2014). For treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus that would be considerate to treat Mrs. Baker is to control weight and keep herself healthy by eating foods that include fiber and healthy carbohydrates, as well as reducing sweets to maintain blood sugar levels (Penalver, 2016). Medication used to treat cerebrovascular accident would be tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), an intravenous medication to treat CVA which breaks up the blockage of blood in the brain (Wang, 1998). This will help Mrs. Baker recover faster from experiencing CVA however she may have side effects from CVA such as one-sided weakness. Disadvantages of this medication may cause in early risk of risk of death due to hemorrhage in the brain because tPA thins the blood in the brain that could cause cerebral bleeding (Smith, 2017). Treatments for cerebrovascular accident would include physical therapy to encourage body movement post CVA and speech therapy to regain speech post CVA (Lewis, 2012). It’s important to encourage these treatments because this will help Mrs. Baker improve and recover following her stroke as well as managing her diabetes disease. Nursing care plan To ensure a safe adequate care to Mrs. Baker, the nurse must create a care plan to evaluate and how it implements into our nursing practice. For assessments, the nurse would assess signs for hyperglycemia, assess blood glucose levels before meals, assess and monitor feet for any neuropathy, assess muscle performance and range of motion to the function of Mrs. Baker’s mobility, monitor blood pressure, assess for any skin breakdown and any abnormal skin conditions (Vera, 2021). To diagnose, the nurse would diagnose Mrs. Baker for risk for unstable blood glucose as evidence by lack of blood glucose monitoring and inability to follow proper diabetes management (Vera, 2021). Secondly another diagnosis would be fatigue as evidence by inability to concentrate due to decreased activities of daily living (Vera, 2021). Lastly another diagnosis would be risk for infection as evidence by delayed wound healing (Vera, 2021). To plan, Mrs. Baker will monitor weight control, maintain blood glucose level within normal range, attain better nutritional diet such as high fiber and healthy carbohydrates. Mrs. Baker will take a nap during the day, gait as much as she can, encourage range of motion and independence to reduce any skin breakdown (Vera, 2021). For implementation, the nurse will educate Mrs. Baker on blood glucose monitoring to ensure she is performing proper diabetic care, educate on medication teaching and the importance of the drug for example metformin, and how much to take ordered by the physician, advise to wear shoes when walking due to decreased sensation, educate Mrs. Baker to take insulin as directed and the proper teaching of insulin of when to use itand how it should be administered, educate on nutritional intake and ensuring Mrs. Baker is eating a healthy nutritional diet to maintain blood glucose levels as well as eating at a specific time, advising to take naps during the day to avoid fatigue and small gaits to encourage mobility strength, educate on proper wound care to prevent further infections (Vera, 2021). To conclude on evaluation, Mrs. Baker has monitored well on her blood glucose levels and has been eating ahealthy diet on a strict timely basis. She has been taking naps often to help with her fatigue as well as engaging herself in exercises to prevent skin breakdowns and improve muscle strength, and she is taking the medications ordered by physician. Conclusion To conclude in this case study, Mrs. Megan Baker, a 76-year- old female has type 2 diabetesmellitus but is poorly damaged. The research provided reasoning of why her diabetic  management is inadequate and could be due to being diagnosed at a late stage. Following this Mrs. Baker also suffered from cerebrovascular accident which is an indication to her diabetes as well. The research paper introduced the pathophysiology of Mrs. Baker body systems as well as the pathophysiology of her disease’s. Following this, medications and treatments were discussed based on Mrs. Baker diseases and what was appropriate for her and what treatment would be adequate for her to manage her diseases. A nursing care plan was also introduced to assess and distribute what ways as the nurse can they do to provide and ensure Mrs. Baker is getting the professional she needs.     References A. Bruno. (1999). Acute blood glucose level and outcome from ischemic stroke. https://n.neurology.org/content/52/2/280.shortA. Ramachandran. (2014). Know the signs and symptoms of diabetes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4311308/Ashok Kumar. (2007). Neurophysiology of Old Neurons and Synapses. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK3882/Cesar Martín. (2020). Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7503727/Eliopoulos, C. (2010). Gerontological nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Herald .H Klein (2014). The treatment of type 2 diabetes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3952010/HS. Chahal. (2007). The endocrine system and ageing. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/path.2110Linda, R. Nelson. (2001). Estrogen production and action. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S019096220145314XMarín Penalver. (2016). Update on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. World journal of diabetes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5027002/Matt Vera. (2021). 17 Diabetes Mellitus Nursing Care Plans and Nursing Diagnoses. https://nurseslabs.com/diabetes-mellitus-nursing-care-plans/NIH. (2021). Diabetes in Older People. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/diabetes-older-people  Health Science Science Nursing LPN PN2003 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)

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