Direction: Read this peer essay and reply with an educational response

Question Direction: Read this peer essay and reply with an educational responseon what you learned that was interesting. In your response write at least 350 words and provide 4 reference in APA format. Shingles Commonly referred to as ‘Shingles’, Herpes Zoster, is a non-contagious, viral infection caused by the highly contagious, Varicella-zoster (chicken-pox). It can, however, cause chickenpox in someone who has never had chickenpox or the chickenpox vaccine (if they come in contact with the fluid of a shingles blister). Once the shingles blisters have developed crusts, they are no longer contagious. Until then, avoid pregnant women who may not have had chickenpox or the vaccine, people with weak immune systems, and newborns. (Oz, 2021) The cause of the infectious diseaseAs young children, chicken-pox seems to be the agreed upon worst illness to experience. Chicken-pox, also know as varicella-zoster, is a contagious virus. When this virus is reactivated later in life, it may cause many problems for adults. After varicella-zoster virus move out, herpes-zoster, moves in. This virus affects the nerve tissues along the skin, usually appearing around the trunk of an affected individual. High risk patients include people over the age of 50, pressure of stress, positive for cancer, or any illness that lowers the body’s immune system. Taking long-term steroids or other medicines that can weaken your immune system and put you at risk for contracting shingles.Infectious disease symptomsShingle is a rash with shooting pain. It usually shows up on one side of your body. The rash turns into red, fluid-filled blisters. They typically dry out and crust over within 7 to 10 days. Early signs of shingles include fever, chills, headache, upset stomach. Symptoms that show after early signs include stabbing or shooting pains in extremities, itching or tingling underneath the skin; or could appear as raised red dots all over the body.The infectious disease mode of transportationInfectious modes of transmission of herpes zoster (shingles) for localized zoster occur through contact with the fluid in the blisters of the rash. All lesions should be covered until they are dry and crusted. One is not infectious before the blisters appear or after the rash has crusted over. For disseminated zoster, transmission occurs through airborne and droplet, in addition to contact with the fluid in the blisters. Disseminated zoster is as infectious as varicella. Patients with disseminated zoster should be placed in negative airflow rooms. (Managing herpes zoster, 2021)The complications of the infectious disease on adults and childrenComplications of herpes zoster include post-herpetic neuralgia, ongoing pain, due to damaged nerve fibers in the skin. Shingles near, or in the eye can lead to vision loss. Even though this condition is very rare, it does happen A rash can be can become infected with bacteria, leading to impetigo or cellulitis. This disease is more common I older adults and is not usually seen in people younger than late 20’s. Shingles only usually affects older adults because children first have to contract the Varicella-zoster virus. Only after reactivation does one develop a shingles rash. Pain that lasts long after the outbreak is called postherpetic neuralgia. It affects up to 1 in 5 people who get shingles. Shingles can have complications that last long after the rash is gone, including lasting effects on brain inflammation or facial paralysis if it affects specific nerves. (Cronan, 2019)The treatment of the infectious diseaseThere is no cure for shingles, but, prompt treatment with prescription antiviral medications. These antivirals can speed the healing process and reduce the risk of developing complications from the virus. Medications like Acyclovir (Zovirax), Famciclovir, and Valacyclovir (Valtrex), are all types of antivirals that can be given in early stages of shingles. Shingles can cause severe pain all over. Providers may prescribe Capsaicin (Qutenza), a topical pain relief patch; anticonvulsants, such as Gabapentin (Neurontin); Tricyclic antidepressants, like Amitriptyline; numbing agents containing Lidocaine, delivered via creams, gel, patch, or sprays; medications that contain narcotics, such as Codine; and injectable medication that contains corticosteroids and local anesthetics. Singles generally last between two and six weeks. Most people get shingles only once in their lifetime, but it is possible to develop it two or more times. (Shingles 2020)Prevention of the infectious diseaseA shingles vaccine may help prevent shingles from occurring. People looking to receive the shingles vaccine have two options: Shingrix and Zostavax. In the United States, Shingrix vaccine has been approved for distribution by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017, and is preferred over Zostavax. Studies suggest that Shingrix offers protection against shingles for more than five years. Shingrix is a non-living vaccine made from a virus component. It is given in two doses, with two six-month periods between doses. Shingrix is approved and recommended for people age 50 and over, including those who’ve previously received Zostavax or had shingles. Zostavax has been shown to offer protection against shingles for about five years. Zostavax is a live vaccine, given as a single injection, usually in the upper arm. Zostavax is recommended for individuals 60 or older. While this vaccine is no longer available in the U.S. as of July 2020, other countries may still use it. The most common side effect of both shingles’ vaccines is redness, pain, tenderness, swelling, and itching at injection site, and headaches. The shingles vaccine does not guarantee that you won’t get shingles. However, this vaccine will likely reduce the course and severity of the disease, and reduce the risk of postherpetic neuralgia. The shingles vaccine is used only as a prevention strategy. It is not used to treat people who currently have the disease. (Managing herpes zoster, 2021)How the infectious disease is tracked/surveilledOlder adults and people with weakened or suppressed immune system are more likely to be hospitalized. Because of this narrowed population being the only ones effected by deaths and/or serious illness, the disease is easy to track within hospitals and nursing/care homes. About 30% of people hospitalized for shingles have a weakened or suppressed immune system. Shingles causes fewer than 100 deaths annually. Almost all shingles deaths are in elderly or people with compromised immune system. Shingles rates have been increasing in the United States over a long period of time and the reasons for it are unclear. This trend continues among younger and middle aged adults, however since 2008 the rates among older adults have been plateauing. Approximately 50% of persons who live to age 85 years will have experienced zoster.What population/people are most vulnerable for this infectious diseaseShingles is caused by the reactivation of the inactive chickenpox virus (varicella zoster virus), which infects 99% of adults 50 years of age and older in the United States. A person’s immune system naturally weakens as they age, so the risk for shingles increases as people get older, even if they feel healthy. An estimated one in three people throughout the United States will develop shingles in their lifetime, leading to about one million cases of shingles per year. The shingles vaccines can offer some protection against shingles. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends all adults with healthy immune systems age 50 years or older get vaccinated. The most common complication of shingles is postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), which is severe pain in the areas where the shingles rash occurred. About 10 to 18% of people who get shingles will experience PHN. The risk of PHN also increases with age. Children can get shingles, but it is not common. (CDC, 2019) Health Science Science Nursing NSG 100 Share QuestionEmailCopy link Comments (0)

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